Gush Shalom (Translated from Hebrew, the name means "The Peace Bloc")
is the hard core of the Israeli peace movement.

Often described as "resolute", "militant", "radical" or "consistent", it is known for its unwavering stand in times of crisis, such as the al-Aksa intifada.

For years now, Gush Shalom has played a leading role in determining the moral and political agenda of the peace forces in Israel, as well as in breaking the so-called "national consensus" based on misinformation.

Gush Shalom is an extra-parliamentary organization, independent of any party or other political grouping. Some of its activists do belong to political parties, but the Gush is not aligned to any particular party.

The primary aim of Gush Shalom is to influence Israeli public opinion and lead it towards peace and conciliation with the Palestinian people, based on the following principles:

• Putting an end to the occupation,

  - Accepting the right of the Palestinian people to establish an independent and sovereign State of Palestine in all the territories occupied by Israel in 1967,

• Reinstating the pre-1967 "Green Line" as the border between the State of Israel and the State of Palestine (with possible minor exchanges of territories agreed between the parties); the border will be open for the free movement of people and goods, subject to mutual agreement.

• Establishing Jerusalem as the capital of the two states, with East Jerusalem (including the Haram al-Sharif) serving as the capital of Palestine and West Jerusalem (including the Western Wall) serving as the capital of Israel. The city is to be united on the physical and municipal level, based on mutual agreement.

• Recognizing in principle the Right of Return of the Palestinian refugees, allowing each refugee to choose freely between compensation and repatriation to Palestine and Israel, and fixing by mutual agreement the number of refugees who will be able to return to Israel in annual quotas, without undermining the foundations of Israel.

• Safeguarding the security of both Israel and Palestine by mutual agreement and guarantees.

• Striving for overall peace between Israel and all Arab countries and the creation of a regional union.

The Gush was founded by Mr. Uri Avnery and others in 1993, when it became apparent that all the older peace groups in Israel were either unable or unwilling to oppose the repressive measures introduced by the new Labor party government headed by Yitzhak Rabin.

The Gush likens its role to that of a small wheel with a strong, independent drive that activates a bigger wheel that in turn activates an even bigger wheel, and so on. Not being subject to any consideration of party interests nor courting fleeting popularity, the Gush is free to proclaim the truth as it sees it and to work for its acceptance by a much larger public.

As a result, the Gush (and its founders long before it) consistently advocated ideas (e.q. recognition of the Palestinian people, negotiation with the PLO, acceptance of a Palestinian state, acceptance of the principle of return, Jerusalem - capital of two states, dismantling the settlements) years, and sometimes decades, before the established parties and peace organizations.

As is usual in Israel, the Gush has no "card-carrying members". It is composed of several concentric circles:

* The inner core consists of about a hundred activists who devote a large part of their time and energy (and some of them, all their time and energy) to this task. None of them receives a salary or remuneration of any kind. The Gush has no salaried employees. Generally, Gush activists pay their own expenses, including bus fares to demonstrations. These activists are constantly on call for demonstrations and other urgent actions.

* A larger group of some 600 activists are on the Gush action list and take part in larger actions of different kinds (see below).

* Several thousands more identify with the Gush, follow its activities and help to conduct its campaign within the general public. Many of them identify with the Gush by donating money for its actions.

The Gush has extremely limited financial resources. It receives no funding from any Israeli or international organization, except for occasional, modest donations from peace groups and individuals in various countries (such as Holland and Germany). The brunt of the financial burden is borne by individual Israeli citizens, who consider it their moral duty to support the Gush as much as they can. They deserve the recognition due to them.

Gush Shalom is active on a very wide front, unparalleled by any other peace or human-rights organization in Israel. Its activities can be divided into several categories:

Political education campaigns, initiated and conducted by the Gush alone, such as -

• "Release all Palestinian Prisoners Immediately!" - a campaign that began with a joint mass demonstration of some 6000 Israelis and Palestinians in front of Nablus prison on the morrow of the Oslo agreement (1993).

• "Violations of the Oslo agreement" - a document prepared jointly by the Gush and the Palestine Peace Information Center (1994).

• "Jerusalem - Capital of Two States", starting with the publication of the "Our Jerusalem" manifesto, signed by 675 leading Israeli intellectuals and artists, and, for the first time, breaking the official taboo (1995).

• "Stop the Bulldozers!" - months-long campaign against the building of new Jewish settlements, first on Jebel Abu-Ghneim (Har Homa) near Bethlehem and later at Ras-al-Amud near Jerusalem (1997).

• "National Boycott of Settlements' products!" - a campaign started in 1997 and still going on, in which tens of thousands of Israeli households asked for and received detailed lists of products produced in the industrial parks on the settlements, enabling them to join the boycott. This campaign has achieved international proportions.

• 
  "Marking the Green Line" - a campaign designed to re-establish the pre-1967 border in public consciousness. Activists physically marked the line with green paint on the ground (1998).

• "The Right of the Palestinian Nation to Declare the Establishment of the State of Palestine in ALL the Territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip" a manifesto signed by 440 prominent Israelis (1999).

• "Right of Return" - the Gush unveiled its plan for a just and practical solution of the refugee problem (1999).

• "Get out of ALL the Occupied Territories" - a basic demand of the Gush from its inception that became the theme of a new campaign initiated by the Gush immediately after the outbreak of the al-Aqsa intifada (2000).

• "Today Starts the Countdown to the Next War" - big advertisement on the day the National Unity Government was formed by Ariel Sharon and Shimon Peres (2001).

• "We Call for the Immediate Creation of an International Peace Force in Palestine" - protest campaign against the intensified oppression in the occupied territories (2001).

• "Eighty Theses for a New Peace Camp" - a far-reaching declaration announcing a completely different approach to Israeli-Palestinian peace, by confronting the mutually exclusive national narratives of the two sides and combining them in a new framework (2001).

• "Barak's Generous Offers..." - a simple, clear exposition, with maps, prepared for mass-circulation, responding to the widespread propaganda assertion that "We gave them everythingand they gave us war" (2001).

  While conducting these campaigns, the Gush has held hundreds of demonstrations and carried out countless direct actions in respto day-to-day emergencies. Most of these were joint actions with Palestinian, many in cooperation with other peace and human rights organizations, some by Gush Shalom alone. Some recent examples:

Participating in the rebuilding of houses destroyed by the occupation army (Kifel Hares, Katana and Anata villages)

Filling trenches dug by the occupation army to cut off Palestinian villages (Rantis).

Breaking through "closure" barriers, with the Palestinians doing the same by coming from the other side (Bethlehem).

Demonstrating together with the villagers against new "hilltop outposts" of the settlers on Palestinian lands (al-Khadar).

Harvesting olives on behalf of villagers prevented by the settlers and the army from entering their groves (Hares).

Over the years, the Gush has published and distributed a wide range of stickers, such as "Bring the Soldiers Home from Lebanon" (later: "Bring the Soldiers Home from the Occupied Territories"), "Jerusalem - Capital of the Two States", "The Green Line - Border of Peace", "There are No Legal Settlements. Period", "I Don't Buy Products of the Settlements - Every Shekel for the Settlements is a Shekel Against Peace". The most popular sticker is composed of the flags of Israel and Palestine. The two joined flags are also the official emblem of the Gush.

Since 1993, Gush Shalom has published a weekly political advertisement in Haaretz (every Friday, page 2, lower left corner). It is generally acknowledged that these statements influence the weekly political agenda for the peace camp in general, well beyond the confines of Gush Shalom proper.